The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can answer the following.
Based on society in the late 1800s, how effective were Reconstruction Era reforms in protecting the rights of African Americans in the United States?
Answer: not so effective, because President Lincoln, and later, President Andrew Johnson, gave leeway to the southern states to do Reconstruction at their own pace. And what happened was that southern people did not respect the decision of the federal government and created a series of legislations such as the Jim Crow laws and the black codes, that severely limited the liberties and rights of African Americans in the south.
The first Europeans to arrive in North America -- at least the first for whom there is solid evidence -- were Norse, traveling west from Greenland, where Erik the Red had founded a settlement around the year 985.
