B. Mutations
Mutations are basically any changes in DNA, and they can affect some of an individual’s traits.
Since every individual has mutations, the finches are bound to be a bit different from each other biologically, but they will still MOSTLY look similar and behave in similar ways.
The creation of the Federalist Party, that favored business, a strong government and a lax interpretation of the Constitution, and the Democratic-Republican Party, that wanted a society based on small farms and a weaker core government; changed the nature of politics in the US as they proposed a dichotomy when voting, since the Constitution had been silent about political parties.