The three enlightened monarchs of the 18th century were:
1. Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire
2. Catherine the Great of Russia
3. Frederick the Great of Prussia
The primary way in which the government encouraged settlement in the west was through the Homestead Act, which gave people free land--while the railroads allowed them to travel there safely.
They both depended on the rivers. And human sacrifice XD. <span />
Germany fell behind with its war reparations as they were so high and if wrong sorry