The first Partition of Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গভঙ্গ) was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj in 1905. The partition separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas on 16 October 1905 after being announced on 20 July 1905 by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India.
Indians across the country were outraged at what they saw as a "divide and rule" policy[1][2] (gaining and maintaining power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into pieces), even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency.The ultimate motive remains questionable,as in two letters dated 7 February and 6 December 1904, Herbert Risley,Lord Curzon's Home Secretary, wrote,"Bengal united is a force,Bengal divided will go in different ways.That the Partition Plan is opposed by the Congress is its merit for us.Our principal motive is to weaken a united party against the government."[3] The partition encouraged the Muslims to form their own national organization along exclusionist communal lines. To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy.
At the early stages of the colonies the exchanges between the Natives and the settlers was fairly one-sided, meaning that the Natives taught the settlers how to harvest and survive, and the settlers taught the Natives very little.
