War dissenters were the main target of the Espionage and Sedition Acts because when the acts were issued during WWl it was to accuse and try people on account of unpatriotic sympathies.
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Germany's colonial empire was officially confiscated with the Treaty of Versailles after Germany's defeat in the war and each colony became a League of Nations mandate under the supervision (but not ownership) of one of the victorious powers. The German colonial empire ceased to exist in 1919.
The President in the executive branch can veto a law, but the legislative branch can override that veto with enough votes. The executive branch can declare Executive Orders, which are like proclamations that carry the force of law, but the judicial branch can declare those acts unconstitutional.
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed by 62 countries prior to World War II, condemning warfare but providing no enforcement mechanism.
One was that there was a long term war that was being fought. Two is crippled the American fleet in the Pacific.