Answer is social contract
The similarity between the social system is the hierarchy that created in society based on the job that held by individuals.
The main difference is the openness. South Asian culture directly acknowledge the discrimination while the European culture masked it even though the nobles held all the power in the society.
P represents heating and Q represent cooling.
this is because when you start from a liquid and turn to a gas the particles move faster making them farther apart, causing a gas. the opposite happens when you go from a liquid to a solid. the partials move closer together causing a solid to form. :)