It would be the third one. mainly because is for the good of Adams compatriots, what effectively defines Civic virtue.
War of 1812, (June 18, 1812–February 17, 1815), conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty of Ghent.
The Catholic Church´s response to reformation was the counter reformation, ( also known as Catholic Reformation or sometimes as Catholic Revival),not only as opposed to the potestant reformation but also as an internal revitalization of the Catholic Church itself. Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545 to repond to the current issues.