That would be D
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Answer:
Population increased in the mid-17th century because there was more religious tolerance after the Thirty Years' War.
Explanation:
In 1650, the Thirty Years' War had just ended. This war was fought when princes in what is modern-day Germany rebelled against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor for the freedom to worship as Protestants. When the war ended, there was a declaration of religious tolerance. The idea of a Catholic empire, ruled by one leader and guided by the pope, was over. It was the beginning of modern Europe.
The 20th President of the United States of America was James A. Garfield.