I do believe Mesopotamia is considered the oldest civilization of the Old World and often referred to as the Cradle of Civilization which passes from present day eastern Turkey to The Gulf of Iraq
In 327 B.C., Alexander marched on Punjab, India. ... Alexander wanted to press on and attempt to conquer all of India, but his war-weary soldiers refused, and his officers convinced him to return to Persia. So Alexander led his troops down the Indus River and was severely wounded during a battle with the Malli.
The second and third statements are true.
Answer:
Direct causality can be drawn between nationalism and war. Nationalist groups within a state who desire their own independent state, may conduct regular or irregular warfare in order to forcibly persuade a state to grant them independence.