The term you're describing is p<span>rotectorate. These nations do have their own government but don't have a good enough military to defend themselves. They rely on stronger countries to help them in time of war.</span>
In a open primary everybody is allowed to vote and in a closed primary on registered people are allowed to vote. Think of it as a Sale at a store. for a closed sale only members are allowed to get the discounts, but in a open sale you get all of the discounts, even if you are not a member.
Answer:
under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could regulate the army, but could not compel the states to send troops. In other words, it could not really raise troops.
As for taxation, under said articles, Congress had no power whatsoevar to tax the states. It could only earn revenue by asking the states for money.
If policemen had as much power as Congress under the Articles of Confederation, then, the police would practically be powerless. I would have to look for funding through private donations, because it would not be entitled to any tax money.
Police would also probably be understaffed, so it would have to rely on voluntaries and people who have a passion for law enforcement.