Explanation:
Although the words “separation of church and state” do not appear in the First Amendment, the establishment clause was intended to separate church from state. When the First Amendment was adopted in 1791, the establishment clause applied only to the federal government, prohibiting the federal government from any involvement in religion. By 1833, all states had disestablished religion from government, providing protections for religious liberty in state constitutions. In the 20th century, the U.S. Supreme Court applied the establishment clause to the states through the 14th Amendment. Today, the establishment clause prohibits all levels of government from either advancing or inhibiting religion.
The Supreme Court has cited Jefferson’s letter in key cases, beginning with a polygamy case in the 19th century. In the 1947 case Everson v. Board of Education, the Court cited a direct link between Jefferson’s “wall of separation” concept and the First Amendment’s establishment clause.
1: 20 yrs
2:64 cents
3:feminism
4:shirley chrisholm
5:35
Answer:
A. Growth of urbanization
Explanation:
The map of medieval Paris shows that there are more settlements concentration at the center indicating the growth of an urban society where more individuals built houses near the center.The dense settlement could have been caused by improved farming and food surpluses that eventually required proper storage which encourage trade. The map shows well established roads that could have encouraged a reduced costs of transport facilitating movement of goods and people thus bringing them together in a central place.Improved agricultural practices and presence of good roads connecting the area could have contributed to the growth of urbanization as evident on the map.
The first nation in Europe to give all men the right to vote was Great Britain, which operated under a relative democracy even with a monarch. France and Italy were directly ruled.
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One thing that happened during the Crusaders was a temporary unification of muslim forces under the banner of a famous general called Saladin. He unified muslim forces which were fighting each other (most notably Seljuk Turks with their minor skirmishes before the First Crusade) and managed to create one united muslim force.
