Not the last as apostrophes are not used for plurals, and the second sounds strange, so i believe it is the first.
I believe the attitude is empathy.
In the poem, the writer seem to understand the hardship that the father needs to do in his life.
From his feelings toward what he accomplish in his life to the hardship that the father need to experience in order to take care of the one that he love
I think it is d. Gerund, because it is a verb that can be a noun
