Housing shortages, inadequate services, and pollution
Explanation:

<em>Today, South Africa produces only 4.2% of the world's gold. In South Africa, mining for gold typically involves methods like panning, sluicing, dredging, hard rock mining and by-product mining. </em>
I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is option B. Igneous rocks are formed when molten material in the earth cools and hardens to form rocks. These rocks are formed by the solidification of magma or lava. It can happen below or on the surface of the Earth.