When someone is described as a "martyr", all this means is that this person died for a cause they they believed in, and that their death inspired others to follow in the cause in question, often in the face of opposition.
Answer: The correct answer is C, China.
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The concept of judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by the executive or legislative branches unconstitutional. This power comes from the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) and does not come from the Constitution.