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For example, when a government imposes an import tariff, it adds to the cost of importing the specified goods or services The additional marginal cost added by the tariff discourages imports, thus affecting the balance of trade.
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Normal warming is mostly caused by natural gases.