General paradigms of species extinction risk are urgently needed as global habitat loss and rapid climate change threaten Earth with what could be its sixth mass extinction. Using the stony coral Lophelia pertusa as a model organism with the potential for wide larval dispersal, we investigated how the global ocean conveyor drove an unprecedented post-glacial range expansion in Earth׳s largest biome, the deep sea. We compiled a unique ocean-scale dataset of published radiocarbon and uranium-series dates of fossil corals, the sedimentary protactinium–thorium record of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength, authigenic neodymium and lead isotopic ratios of circulation pathways, and coral biogeography, and integrated new Bayesian estimates of historic gene flow. Our compilation shows how the export of Southern Ocean and Mediterranean waters after the Younger Dryas 11.6 kyr ago simultaneously triggered two dispersal events in the western and eastern Atlantic respectively. Each pathway injected larvae from refugia into ocean currents powered by a re-invigorated AMOC that led to the fastest postglacial range expansion ever recorded, covering 7500 <span>km in under 400 years. In addition to its role in modulating global climate, our study illuminates how the ocean conveyor creates broad geographic ranges that lower extinction risk in the deep sea.</span>
Answer:
Earth, Mars
Explanation:
Earth is the only planet on which life is known to exist. Water on earth exists in all three forms
Presence of water on Mars was recently confirmed. Though liquid water is no more present, in solid form, water is present in polar ice caps.
Object permanence is the developmental milestone that must be reached before an infant experiences separation anxiety. It is used to describe the ability of a child to know that objects continue to exist despite the fact that they can no longer be perceived that is , seen or heard, touched, smelled, or sensed in any way. This milestone is developed through touching and handling objects by the infants.
Answer:
grasshopper
The organisms that eat the producers are the primary consumers. ... The primary consumers are herbivores (vegetarians
