Following are some examples of homologous structures.
A dolphin's flipper, bird's wing, cat's leg, and the human arm are considered homologous structures. Whereas human beings have bones such as the humerus, ulna, radius, wrist bones, and fingers, these features appear as similar bones in form in the other animals. Bats, whales, and many other animals have very similar homologous structures, demonstrating that these creatures all had a common ancestor.
The tailbone in human beings is so-named because it is a homologous structure to the beginning of many animals' tails, such as monkeys. It is known as "vestigial" because it is the last vestige of what was once a tail.
All mollusks have a "foot" that they use to travel. This foot is homologous although it may not appear to be immediately - close inspection demonstrates that in terms of form and function, gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves share this homologous structure in common.
Mammals share the homologous structure of the vertebrae in common. For instance, in spite of its height, the giraffe has the very same number of neck bones (seven) as a giant whale and a tiny human being.
Human beings, dogs, and cats all have similar pelvises, which are homologous structures to a vestigial pair of bones that snakes have. These bones are the last remains of a pelvis, with no legs to attach.
Our eyes are homologous to the eye bulbs which blind creatures who live in caves have on their heads.
All organisms contain homologous plasma membranes with what is called a phospholipid bi-layer.
The wrist bone of the human being is homologous with the structures of many other animals, including the dolphin and the bird. A homologous structure in the panda looks like a sixth appendage, but it is actually a modified wrist bone that helps the panda bears pick leaves off the trees more dexterously.
An auditory bone that exists inside the ear of mammals is a homologous structure to the reptile's jaw bone (including the dinosaurs) as well as the jawbone of species of fish that are still in existence today.
The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges of the human hand have homologous structures in a variety of animals, and they're not all mammals. For instance, these features are seen in penguins and reptiles as well as the mammals to which human beings are more closely related.
The genetic code among all living things is homologous - extremely similar although other genetic codes exist. This suggests a common ancestor.
Wasps and bees have stingers that they can use when they feel they are in danger. However, this is a homologous structure to the ovipositor of other organisms - the feature that allows these organisms to lay eggs.
Answer:
1. metaphase I
2. telophase II
3. anaphase I
4.prophase II
5. prophase I
6. anaphase II
7. telophase I
8. metaphase II
Explanation:
1. During _metaphase I________, pairs of homologous chromosomes align in the center of the cell.2. During _telophase II___, the separated chromatids elongate and (usually) cytokinesis occurs, formingfour genetically distinct haploid daughter cells.3. During _anaphase I_______, homologous chromosomes separate by moving with the spindle microtubulestoward the poles.4. During __prophase II______, a spindle apparatus forms and individual chromosomes (each composed ofsister chromatids) begin to move toward the center of the cell.5. During _prophase I_______, chiasmata form and crossing-over occurs.6. During _anaphase II_______, sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles.7. During __telophase I______, the separated chromosomes cluster at the poles of the spindle and cytokinesis occurs, forming two daughter cells, each with a haploid set of replicated chromosomes.8. During ___metaphase II_____, individual chromosomes (each composed of sister chromatids) align in the center of the cell.
Answer:
Differential reproduction leads to a change in allele frequencies over time. This occurs because of natural selection favoring "successful" individuals that produce more viable offspring.
The sickle-cell allele is maintained in populations exposed to malaria through balancing selection, since heterozygous individuals have protection against the disease.
