The excerpt above is part of the 14th amendment. This amendment was passed in 1868 and was supposed to help protect newly freed slaves. The goal in passing this was to ensure that African-Americans had the same legal rights as white citizens.
This due process clause has been used in several important Supreme Court cases to protect American citizens.
The Senate is the branch of Congress in which each state is represented equally.
The Black Death begin in October 1347 in Europe. Opps. I didn't read the question correctly.
The Black Death was a horrific plague. It made people feel ill and gave people nasty black boils. The boils oozed out blood, hence the name, "Black Death". The total death were about 20 million.