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In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act, with the goal of raising 100,000 pounds, an amount equal to one-fifth of the military expenses in North America. ... The Sugar Act lowered the duty on foreign-produced molasses from six pence per gallon to 3 pence per gallon, in attempts to discourage smuggling.
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- The Congress of Vienna
- They wanted to restore peace and stability in Europe
Explanation:
The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of leaders from the European nations that had defeated France and Napoleon -- and France was allowed representation also. (The French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, had a role there. )
The delegates of the Congress of Vienna were interested in creating a balance of power in European politics. They did not want one nation to become too powerful again and press beyond its borders as France had done under Napoleon. The Congress of Vienna emphasized also the principal of "legitimacy" -- trying to put rulers in power that they thought to be the legitimate rulers of nations. (So, for instance, the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France.) They sought to prevent revolutions and unrest from breaking out again ... but it would only be a couple decades before further revolutions did occur.
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In many parts of the world, early civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements. ... From this specialization comes class structure and government, both aspects of a civilization. Another criterion for civilization is a surplus of food, which comes from having tools to aid in growing crops.
It has membrane bound organelles I think