A pronunciation guide is a KEY TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE SOUND OF PRONUNCIATION SYMBOLS.
A pronunciation guide refers to a guide which show how words are to be pronounced, this is usually shown in the form of a list of symbols. The symbols used always integrate articulation, stress and intonation. Dictionaries typically include pronunciation guide which show how to correctly pronounce words.
The plural form of "citizen" is "citizens" or "people of such and such place"
Misperceptions can lead to miscommunication when there is a negative bias towards someone.
- Misperception brings about miscommunication because when there's an incorrect interpretation about a particular thing, it leads to miscommunication.
- Misperception simply means an incorrect interpretation. It's a mistaken belief or interpretation about a particular thing. On the other hand, miscommunication is when there's a failure for a person to communicate properly with others. It should be noted that misperception can result in miscommunication.
- For example, poor listening skills or negativity bias effects can lead to misperception, and this further causes miscommunication.
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You didn't italize or mark the phrase, but I see one good candidate:
"The circus animal trainer" is in a way another name given to Mervin, a kind of "renaming" him: this is called an appositive phrase, so if this was the phrase appositive phrase is the answer! (also, I don't see the other phrases here).