The correct answer is <span>the values are measures for the sampling distribution of the mean
For example, in the </span>μm it is used to<span> represent the mean of the distribution of sample </span>means, while in the σm it is indicated that this value is a standard deviation, and just the M means that it is the standard deviation for the distribution of sample <span>means</span>
Mathematics - Vedic literature is replete with concepts of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. Arguably, the origins of Calculus lie in India 300 years before Leibnitz and Newton.
Astronomy - Rig Veda (2000 BC) refers to astronomy.
Physics - Concepts of atom and theory of relativity were explicitly stated by an Indian Philosopher around 600 BC.
Chemistry - Principles of chemistry did not remain abstract but also found expression in distillation of perfumes, aromatic liquids, manufacturing of dyes and pigments, and extraction of sugar.
Medical science & surgery - Around 800 BC, first compendium on medicine and surgery was complied in ancient India.
Mechanical & production technology - Greek historians have testified to smelting of certain metals in India in the 4th century BC.
Civil engineering & architecture - The discovery of urban settlements of Mohenjodaro and Harappa indicate existence of civil engineering & architecture, which blossomed to a highly precise science of civil engineering and architecture and found expression in innumerable monuments of ancient India.
Shipbuilding & navigation - Sanskrit and Pali texts have several references to maritime activity by ancient Indians.Sports & games - Ancient India is the birth place of chess, ludo, snakes and ladders and playing cards.
The African Nation that has been independent is Ethiopia.
Adolf Hitler wrote the book "my struggle" in prison. it describes his life and his struggles as said in the title.
It lagged because of the bubonic plague
