In operant conditioning, <span>adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior is called: positive punishment
people tend to avoid something if we associate that thing with something that have negative effect to us.
For example, If you add a punishment every time a child leave their toy without returning it to the box, the child will be less likely to repeat that action in the future</span>
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The West African city that became an economic center of trade due to regional commerce is Timbuktu.'
<h3>How did
Timbuktu become a regional center of commerce in West Africa?</h3>
Timbuktu's strategic location at the confluence of desert and water made it an ideal trading center. It was absorbed by the Mali empire in the late 13th or early 14th century. By the 14th century, it was a thriving trans-Saharan gold and salt commerce center, as well as a center of Islamic culture.
The city's proximity to the Niger River encouraged trade between West Africa and Morocco in North Africa. By the early 1300s, Timbuktu had become the nexus of a variety of east-west and north-south commerce routes, and it quickly became the Mali Empire's primary commercial metropolis (albeit not it's capital).
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Emerging adult Erum is a heavy social media user. This may strengthen/lead more to face-to-face friendships.
Erum's heavy usage of social media implies his engaging, interacting capacity with people, moreover strangers. All these signs indicate towards him being an extrovert which implies he can communicate more easily with people around him, thus, increasing friendships.
Further, social media provided him with more friends to interact personally with and build face-to-face friendships, also his conversing skills would have been furbished through this habit.
Whereas, a nonuser i.e. a person who doesn't use social media much tends to be isolated from the world outside and implies to be an introvert, thus fewer face-to-face interactions for him.
To learn who is an extrovert, click here brainly.com/question/7375078
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