Four free states west of the Mississippi River were Iowa (1846), California (1850), Minnesota (1858), and Oregon (1859) !
Which is based on the Supremacy Clause, federal law preempts state law, even when the laws conflict. Thus, a federal court may require a state to stop certain behavior it believes interferes with, or is in conflict with, federal law.
Some examples are Karl Marx, Adam Smith , and Frederick Engels. They wrote about the economic severity that industrialization caused and they also caused the emergence of their own economic theories such as capitalism and communism.
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