Conveyances means vehicles or transports. The context clue to help you here is the appositive phrase that lists vehicles.
Vanquish means to defeat or conquer. The context clue here is that the enemy forces "conquered his army instead". This tells us that the duke's goal was what the enemy actually accomplished.
Herpetologist means person who studies reptiles. The context clue here is "studying the reptiles".
*You did not include what is in the drop down list so these might not be exact matches but they should be very close.
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The answer would be A Jackson asked which way the directions were I hope this help you
The guy is a fanatic hunter, he enjoys the thrill of the hunt.
Some moral issues would be the confusion between phenotype and character. Also, the lack of respect for human autonomy.
Some social issues would be gender inequality and youth alcohol usage.
Some economic issues would be the underutilization of resources and inflation.
Hope that helps!