The answer is B. There have been ongoing conflicts between Israel and the Arab world.
Since he was the first, he had to set a good example for the rest of the leaders. Anything he did, good or bad, would have made a difference in the future so if he made good decisions, the community would have been to a good start. And with a good start, it could progress better.
Lincoln let the Confederate leaders know about his plan to resupply Fort Sumter so that they would not demand fire on the ships carrying supplies.
If I'm remembering correctly, the Protestant Reformation was a direct challenge to the Catholic church during the Renaissance. The Renaissance spirit of questioning authority (A) WAS a cause. During this time period, the Renaissance, people were beginning to think for themselves about the traditions they had followed for centuries--including the Catholic church.
The sale of indulgences (B) was also a cause: people were unhappy that the Catholic church was making money by selling forgiveness of your sins. That's just not right! It drove many people away from Catholicism.
I believe the Council of Trent (C) was a RESPONSE to the Protestant Reformation, where Catholicism was looked at a little more closely. The council was very much against the Protestant Reformation. This option is an effect, not a cause.
Answer: C
