Answer:
In general the sociocultural process in which the sense and consciousness of association with one national and cultural group changes to identification with another such group, so that the merged individual or group may partially or totally lose its original national identity. Assimilation can occur and not only on the unconscious level in primitive societies. It has been shown that even these societies have sometimes developed specific mechanisms to facilitate assimilation, e.g., adoption; mobilization, and absorption into the tribal fighting force; exogamic marriage; the client relationship between the tribal protector and members of another tribe. In more developed societies, where a stronger sense of cultural and historical identification has evolved, the mechanisms, as well as the automatic media of assimilation, become more complicated. The reaction of the assimilator group to the penetration of the assimilated increasingly enters the picture.
Various factors may combine to advance or hinder the assimilation process. Those actively contributing include the position of economic strength held by a group; the political advantages to be gained from adhesion or separation; acknowledged cultural superiority; changes in religious outlook and customs; the disintegration of one group living within another more cohesive group; the development of an "open society" by either group. Added to these are external factors, such as changes in the demographic pattern (mainly migration) or those wrought by revolution and revolutionary attitudes. Sociologists have described the man in process of assimilation as "the marginal man," both attracted and repelled by the social and cultural spheres in which he lives in a state of transition.
Explanation:
Answer:
- Demarcation of indigenous lands.
- Permission of political rights for indigenous peoples.
- Indian Reorganization Act formulation
Explanation:
In 1887 the American Congress promoted the demarcation of indigenous lands. The demarcation promoted the existence of indigenous reserves, where the natives had to move to a specific territory that was demarcated as an indigenous reserve. This act greatly weakened the relationship between the Americans and the indigenous tribes, since the tribes saw this act as harmful. During that time, the indigenous people were subjected to a forced assimilation by American culture. Children were forced to study in regular schools, where they were punished for wearing the typical clothes of their tribes, or to speak their native languages, for example.
In 1924, the congress decided to provide political rights to indigenous people through the Citizenship Act. At that time, indigenous people were considered American citizens. This act was not welcomed by the indigenous community, which was afraid that it would take away the status of the indigenous community as the original community of that country.
In 1934, the congress approved the Indian Reorganization Act, which allowed tribes to adopt their own constitutions, giving indigenous people the right to discuss their territories, conditions for obtaining tribe member status, the possibility of establishing powers, documents, eligibility, among other rights.
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