[ANTONIO: …That most ingrateful boy there, by your side
From the rude sea's enraged and foamy mouth
Did I redeem],
The above lines are an example of Allusion.
Allusions are defined as references to things, places, people, and events outside of the reading selection. An allusion is a literary device which uses a short or indirect reference to an event, place, or person.
[DUKE: Methought she purg'd the air of pestilence;
That instant was I turn'd into a hart [deer];],
The above lines are an example of Metaphor.
A metaphor is a hidden comparison between two things which possess at least any one idea common to each other. The things may be completely different from each other but would have either one characteristic in common to them.
[SEBASTIAN: … Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep;
If it be thus to dream, still let me sleep!],
The above lines are an example of personification.
Personification is the representation of things in human qualities or nature in abstract terms.
[VIOLA: Save thee, friend, and thy music. Dost thou live by thy tabor?
CLOWN: No, sir, I live by the church.
VIOLA: Art thou a churchman?
CLOWN: No such matter, sir: I do live by the church; for I do live at my house,
and my house doth stand by the church.]
The above lines are an example of a PUN.
A pun is a joke which gets arise when the meanings of the words differ but they sound similar.