Answer:
Classical conditioning
Explanation:
Classical conditioning can be defined as a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and consequently, to anticipate events.
It is a learning procedure that helps us to understand when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned response.
An example is the process of salivating in response to the aroma of a meal being prepared in the kitchen.
Answer: Selective incorporation can be defined as decision of supreme court to apply the rights related to the states based on different cases presented in the trial.
Explanation:
Supreme court is the main court and it is answerable to different nation and state related cases. It can give opinion and judgement on all sorts of cases.
Palko restricts the implementation of the Rights of Bill at the level of state, on the otherhand, Duncan resulted in the elaboration of the incorporation of the conviction that reverse due to the absence of trial of jury.
Answer:
Vicarious liability
Explanation:
Liability depends not on an individual's own misconduct but on that person's relationship with the wrongdoer. As per the common law of the United States, a participant of a conspiracy could be considered vicariously liable for the crimes that were committed by his co-conspirators in a case where the acts of the co-conspirators were intentional and performed in order to further the conspiracy's intent.
The social learning theory was developed by Albert Bandura and
it is based on the idea that individuals learn by observing other people, their
attitudes, behaviors and outcome of their behaviors. The evidence that argues
most strongly is that on an adult personality, the effects of shared environment
are non-existent or possibly very weak.