The answer is: b. it created new divisions within European society
After the protestant reformation, the christian citizens were divided into two groups, those who belong in catholic church and those who belong in protestant church. This can be considered as a new divisions within european society.
Many monarchs leverage this situation by taking each churches into their political faction. This make it easier for them to control the mass using religion as a cover.
This is an interesting question, but it supposes nations like Asia or Africa wouldn’t venture off to the Americas themselves (in which many native Americans have connections to Africans). If your question about another way to reach India not going west, then they’d go East, by land. I believe it was just to make it faster to travel by sea though and for more resources. Natives and Africans didn’t colonize (from my research) and if they did it wasn’t nearly as impactful or as cruel as Europeans had done.
<span>First, let’s take a look at what the ratification of the 14th amendment meant. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all people who were born or naturalized (a non-citizen who earns citizenship) in the U.S., including former slaves. It also allowed the government the ability to reduce representation in Congress for states that interfered with a person’s right to vote.
The Fifteenth Amendment focused on not allowing states the ability to deny someone their right to vote based on their race, color, or previous enslavement. States could, however, choose how citizens qualify to vote. Some southern states required people pay taxes to vote or take a literacy (reading and writing) test.
By allowing everyone who is a citizen (including former slaves) to participate in voting and electing government officials, this provided a way for all to be represented. Some changes still needed to be made, as seen in the Fifteenth Amendment. The creation of these amendments paved the way for future laws to be passed including the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. They ensured that all voters, regardless of skin color or race, would be seen as equals, be present, and be heard in political matters.</span>
<span>John Crittenden tried to find a way for the two sides to compromise just before the Civil War broke out. The compromise would have prohibited slavery from any new territories north of the 36° 30′ parallel (the southern border of Missouri), and guaranteed it in any states formed south of it. In addition, it would have made the Fugitive Slave Act permanent and executable in all the new states and territories.</span>
