The main way in which the English government changed during this time was that the power of the monarchy was greatly restricted by Parliament, due to the fact that people were upset with the king abusing his power.
Multiple reasons. Firstly, Britain (a world-wide power) was setting humongous taxes on imported and exported goods. (As in the 'Tea Party' the Americans rebelled by throwing the tea into the sea). The colonies were irritated by this whole control, and wanted more power and say in what taxes were put on them.
Britain was really the only one but if your guessing the second territory i will go with france