In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction takes place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place.
The "light-independent" or dark reactions happen in the stroma of the chloroplasts. This is also known as the Calvin Cycle.
Protein is the nutrient that is essential to cellular construction, reproduction, and maintenance.
Candle wax is essentially the fuel that allows a candle to burn over long periods of time. Wax is composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen that form waxy solids at room temperature and can be molded into any shape, the heat from the flame melts the candle wax into liquid vapor as well as liquid.
Answer:
In primary active transport, the carrier protein uses energy directly from ATP through hydrolysis.
In secondary active transport, it uses energy stored in the concentration gradients of ions.
