There are 2 types of transport mechanisms that involve the movement of materials across the cellular membrane:
1. Passive Transport Mechanisms which is the movement of materials that does not require energy. Instead the movement relies on the permeability of the cell. Under this are three kinds of passive transport mechanisms:
a. Simple Diffusion:
- the movement of materials from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. No external energy is necessary for the movement. The materials supply the energy themselves.
b. Facilitated Diffusion:
- This differs from simple diffusion because the movement is facilitated by proteins that make up the structure of the membrane. The proteins include channel proteins that allow ions and smaller molecules to cross the membrane. The other protein are the carrier proteins, which bind to materials like sugar molecules and move it across the membrane.
c. Osmosis:
- This is the diffusion of water across the membrane. Osmosis moves water from regions where there are more water molecules of water per volume to regions where there are less water molecules per volume.
2. Active transport on the other hand is a movement mechanism that requires energy. It uses the energy to send materials against the direction it is coming from through simple diffusion. This mechanism is used in a way to keep unwanted ions or other materials out of the cell.
When a somatic cell is mutated, none of the other cells in the organism mutate with it. Screenings usually detect mutations that are in numerous cells and not in just one. That is why a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection.
<h3>What are mutations?</h3>
A mutation in biology is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome. Errors in DNA replication, viral replication, mitosis, meiosis, or other types of DNA damage (such as pyrimidine dimers from exposure to ultraviolet radiation) can result in mutations.
These errors can then lead to error-prone repairs, particularly microhomology-mediated end joining, error-causing repairs, or errors during replication. Due to mobile genetic elements, mutations can also result from the insertion or deletion of DNA segment.
To learn more about mutations with the help of given link:
brainly.com/question/17031191
#SPJ4
Answer:
1. x chromosome
2.males
3.one X and one Y chromosome.
4. two X chromosomes
5. a very common trait in humans and frequently used to explain X-linked disorders.[8] Between seven and ten percent of men and 0.49% to 1% of women are affected. Its commonness may be explained by its relatively benign nature. It is also known as daltonism.
6.Females with one copy of the mutated gene are carriers. X-linked inheritance means that the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome.
Explanation:
Intelligence is most likely to be the criteria for random mating in humans.
Explanation:
If random mating is taking place on the conditions that no evolution is taking place the genetic pool will be maintained through generations.
Random mating will be based on intelligence in humans because this is the trait which gets exhibited only when showcased otherwise remains hidden while other characters like personality, appearance and athleticism are phenotypically expressed character.
Random mating is not under the influence of genotype. Intelligence is a trait which needs to be more in human as random mating takes genotype frequency in consideration.
