Answer: W = 6.4x10⁻²¹J
Explanation: <u>Work</u> is the energy transferred to or from an object due to the application of a force along a displacement.
The ion Na is gaining energy to move from a lower potential to a higher one.
For this to happen, the work done is calculated as
in which
W is work in Joules (J)
q is charge in Coulomb (C)
is potential difference in Volts (V)
The ion Na has one positive charge. In coulombs, the charge is
q = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹C
The potential difference in Volts is
= 40x10⁻³ or 4x10⁻²V
Calculating
W = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹. 4x10⁻²
W = 6.4 x 10⁻²¹ J
The work done to move an ion of sodium from the exterior to the interior is 6.4 x 10⁻²¹ J.
1- It is not necessary for the individual to survive is the correct answer. Survival is absolutely not dependent on reproduction, and though it will aid in the upkeep of the population, the individual will not die if it doesn't reproduce. This rules out option 3. As for choices 2 and 4, because two parents are necessary for reproduction, the offspring will receive genes and traits from each parent, therefore being identical to neither one of them, ruling out 2. Offspring can be identical to each other in some ways, in the case of twins. However, identical twins do not have matching fingerprints. This means they aren't entirely identical. Even without that information, 4 is incorrect, because most offspring will not be identical to each other.
By natural selection, the nature of species gradually changes to become adapted to the environments. This variation of traits in a population is what gives the organisms the ability to survive environmental changes. If not the species becomes extinct.