Semi-direct democracy is a type of democracy that combines the mechanisms of direct democracy and representative government. In semi-direct democracy, representatives administer daily governance, but citizens keep the sovereignty, being able to control their governments and laws through different forms of popular action: binding referendum, popular initiative, revocation of mandate, and public consultations. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation.
Those countries were known as the "non-aligned nations." The Non-Aligned Movement was initiated by the leaders of Yugoslavia, India, Indonesia, Egypt and Ghana. Many other nations joined in their movement to keep free of commitments to the two superpowers, the USA and the USSR. At the Bandung Conference in 1955, twenty-nine nations were represented. The Belgrade Conference in 1961 was the first official summit of the Non-Aligned Movement. Member nations attending that conference were Afghanistan, Algeria, Burma, Cambodia, Ceylon, the Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, the Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen, and Yugoslavia. <span>Bolivia, Brazil, and Ecuador attended as observer nations. (Note also that Cuba was an original participant in the movement, but then ended up aligning with the USSR.)</span>
In the 20th century leadership of the suffrage movement passed to two organizations. The first, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, was a moderate organization. The NAWSA undertook campaigns to enfranchise women in individual states, and simultaneously lobbied President Wilson and Congress to pass a woman suffrage Constitutional Amendment. In the 1910s, NAWSA’s membership numbered in the millions.
<span>The silver standard is a monetary standard that relies of the fixed weight of silver as the economic unit of account. It became widespread from the fall of the Byzantine empire and was used by many regions including Great Britain, China, and India before being eventually replaced with the gold standard until it was abandoned during the early 20th century.</span>
