The answer is 3) Other nations saw that Spain could be beaten and they challenged Spanish land claims.
Until this defeat, Spain and particularly its armada were seen as practically invincible, so other nations generally obeyed Spain and didn't stand up against it. However, once it was beaten (and their powerful armada practically destroyed), their place of power was reduced).
They were women accompanying their husbands in the westward movement.
For example, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman were among the early settlers of the West, pioneers of the Oregon Trail. Their missionary party, headed to Oregon in 1836, included also Henry and Eliza Spalding. The two wives, Narcissa and Eilza, were the first white women to cross the Rocky Mountains.
The allied assault on German occupied France was known as operation Overlord. It was also known as D-Day.
Operation overlord was the code name given to the allied invasion of France that took off on June 6 1944. It brought together the land, air and sea forces of the allied armies in the largest invasion force in human history. Fighting by brave allied soldiers, sailors and airmen coupled with the Red Army's push at the eastern front led to the defeat of Nazi Germany.
On May 7, 1945, German General Alfred Jodi signed and unconditional surrender at Reims France. The allies had won and Nazi Germany had lost.
