The definitions of the dramatic elements are as follows:
Prologue: Precedes the event, to set the mood.
A prologue is written to give a background of the story that is to be narrated and links the past events to the present events that are about to take place.
Foreshadowing: precedes the events to build suspense.
Foreshadowing is written before the start of a story or narration to build upon the story line.
Aside: Provides insight during the event.
It is the thoughts or the narration of the events that are taking place or are about to take place in the story. It is specifically told to the audience rather than to the characters in the story.
Soliloquy: provides private thoughts of the character.
It is a device that is mostly used to express the thoughts of certain characters.