The issue of counting slaves in the population which determined representation in Congress was a major issue at the heart of the 3/5 Compromise which was one of the major compromises between the northern and southern states during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Hope that helped :)
I believe the answer is that Furman vs. Georgia led to a reinterpretation of the meaning of cruel and unusual punishment.
Hope this helps! I wrote this about the struggles of British home children
