Answer: D) Scaffolding
Explanation: Scaffolding can be Simply defined as an instructional method where tutors guide and direct their tutees in performing certain tasks and as the tutees become efficient in these tasks, the tutors begin to withdraw there involvement or influence unless the tutees request for it.
Walter's mom withdrawing from holding his hands and guiding him through the shoelaces tying process to just verbally guiding him through the process is a good illustration of Scaffolding.
With no money in his pocket, Santiago earns something to eat by helping a candy seller set up his market stall. Afterward, he realizes he was able to communicate perfectly with the candy maker even though the man spoke only in Arabic. Santiago thinks there must be a universal language that does not depend on words. He remembers how he had communicated wordlessly with his sheep and thinks, "Now it's happening with people."
The central idea of the article is to show that the experiments with human beings have already been done in scary ways.
