Following are some examples of homologous structures.
A dolphin's flipper, bird's wing, cat's leg, and the human arm are considered homologous structures. Whereas human beings have bones such as the humerus, ulna, radius, wrist bones, and fingers, these features appear as similar bones in form in the other animals. Bats, whales, and many other animals have very similar homologous structures, demonstrating that these creatures all had a common ancestor.
The tailbone in human beings is so-named because it is a homologous structure to the beginning of many animals' tails, such as monkeys. It is known as "vestigial" because it is the last vestige of what was once a tail.
All mollusks have a "foot" that they use to travel. This foot is homologous although it may not appear to be immediately - close inspection demonstrates that in terms of form and function, gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves share this homologous structure in common.
Mammals share the homologous structure of the vertebrae in common. For instance, in spite of its height, the giraffe has the very same number of neck bones (seven) as a giant whale and a tiny human being.
Human beings, dogs, and cats all have similar pelvises, which are homologous structures to a vestigial pair of bones that snakes have. These bones are the last remains of a pelvis, with no legs to attach.
Our eyes are homologous to the eye bulbs which blind creatures who live in caves have on their heads.
All organisms contain homologous plasma membranes with what is called a phospholipid bi-layer.
The wrist bone of the human being is homologous with the structures of many other animals, including the dolphin and the bird. A homologous structure in the panda looks like a sixth appendage, but it is actually a modified wrist bone that helps the panda bears pick leaves off the trees more dexterously.
An auditory bone that exists inside the ear of mammals is a homologous structure to the reptile's jaw bone (including the dinosaurs) as well as the jawbone of species of fish that are still in existence today.
The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges of the human hand have homologous structures in a variety of animals, and they're not all mammals. For instance, these features are seen in penguins and reptiles as well as the mammals to which human beings are more closely related.
The genetic code among all living things is homologous - extremely similar although other genetic codes exist. This suggests a common ancestor.
Wasps and bees have stingers that they can use when they feel they are in danger. However, this is a homologous structure to the ovipositor of other organisms - the feature that allows these organisms to lay eggs.
Cell walls, which are found in plant cells, maintain cell shape. Some animal cells dont need to maintain shape. Such as muscle cells, they are constantly moving.
D. Toxic , the other options do not refer to something necessarily harmful to the human body or poisonous. Human hair is ignitable, acid in the stomach corrodes food through chemical reactions so toxic is the only option left.
Answer:
Binding taking place at the receptor site
G protein activates in the cell membrane
Conversion of GDP → GTP
Activation of adenylate cycles
Cyclic production of AMP → ADP
Initiation of the desired reaction in regard to the original message
Cyclic restoration of AMP → ATP
Explanation:
The description of the mechanism:
Right off the bat, epinephrine attaches to a molecule called a receptor (beta-adrenergic protein).
G protein, which is found on the inner side of the plasma membrane, is activated when epinephrine binds to it.
The GDP-carrying Alpha subunit of G protein is isolated during activation. After that, the GDP is translated to GTP.
Adenylate cyclase is then activated by GTP.
The only enzyme that can catalyze the transformation of ATP to CAMP is adenylate cyclase (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate). As a result, the CAMP molecule (secondary messenger) is produced.
CAMP stimulates protein kinase A, and the cycle repeats till the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme is triggered.
After that, the cyclic amp is brought back and restored.
The geochemical cycle that is least likely to be affected by global warming is the water cycle, because even as temperatures increase, the evaporation cycle will remain the same.
<h3>How to describe the water cycle?</h3>
- at the beginning — liquid: water is present in the transpiration of living beings, in addition to rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.
- in the middle — gaseous: this water evaporates and accumulates, to later condense in the clouds
- at the end — liquid: the precipitation of water that returns to Earth in the form of rain occurs, restarting the cycle.
With this information, we can conclude that the water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, refers to the continuous movement that water makes through the physical environment and the living beings of the ecosystem, passing through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
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