They use the directions found in DNA to make Proteins & Polypeptides.
Phenomena such as star explosions, neutron stars, black holes etc. are studied with the help of extremely powerful and sensitive telescopes.
These sophisticated instruments are able to see more than our own eyes can. Thus, they detect wavelengths outside of those found in our visible spectrum, such as X-rays etc.
The most sophisticated telescopes are those that are placed in space such as the Hubble or Spitzer Space Telescope. In this way, these instruments are able to circumvent the Earth's atmosphere that may block the view of the sky. Thus, in space, they have the optimal conditions to observe and study in detail such phenomena.
Gelisols are high latitude soils containing permafrost and large amounts of organic matter. ]
Gelisols are soils that are permanently frozen or contain evidence of permafrost near the soil surface. They are found in the Arctic and Antarctic, as well as at extremely high elevations. Additionally they are also found at extremely high elevations in the lower latitudes.