Answer:
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GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963)
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Summary
Gideon v Wainwright (1963), a landmark Supreme Court case that under the Sixth Amendment requires states to provide counsel in criminal cases to any defendants unable to afford their own attorney. In 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon was charged with breaking and entering in a Florida poolroom and once in trial, asked the court to appoint him an attorney. Prior to the Supreme Court’s ruling, indigent defendants were not provided counsel unless charged of a capital offence. Given a 5 year prison sentence, Gideon felt unfairly treated by the courts and filed a writ of habeas corpus to the Florida Supreme Court, but was denied. Gideon then issued an appeal to the United States Supreme Court. In the unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Gideon’s trial was unconstitutional due to the lack of a defense attorney at his trial. The Court argued that the Sixth Amendment requires a state to provide a defense lawyer because lawyers are vital to a “fair trial.” The Supreme Court noted that federal government as well as the states are bound to Sixth Amendment, which ultimately lead to extending the right to counsel for indigent defendants. Therefore, the Court reasoned, its requirements could not turn on such a distinction. Therefore, the right to legal representation was acknowledged to be a right essential to due process in almost all cases.
In a major victory for indigent persons, the ruling created a precedent for future cases through the creation of the public defender system. The implementation of this system has been very beneficial for the indigent community, but it also has created many issues in regards to workload and representation for defenders. More than half of criminal cases are represented by public defenders and the caseload increases each year. Overcome with heavy workloads, public defenders does not possess the abundant amount of time that the client deserves to adequately review and prep for the trial. As a result, this issue forces many cases to reach plea deals.
Explanation:
Hollywood's portrayal of an archaeologist has several stereotypes that aren't really true, for example, that archaeology is all about finding treasure and by treasure they refer to tangible things that can be picked up and sold, and that isn´t accurate, since real archaeologist try to answer more in depth questions like: When was this made, who made it, what where they like, etc. etc. Another myth is that you have to go to an exotic country like Egypt or Israel to do archaeology (as portrayed by movies like Indiana Jones or the Mummy), but really, there is a lot of things an archaeologist can do in the US. Every time a new road is made, a team of archaeologist are sent to make sure there isn't anything culturally relevant (like Native American sites) that could be destroyed with the development.
My opinion of an archaeologists work has been modified in a good way, I now perceive that it is a really interesting career path and not as dangerous as I initially thought, due to Hollywood's influence.
Answer:
32 to 36 beats per minute
Explanation:
