The correct answer is option a "It is the source of implied powers". The Necessary and Proper Clause (elastic clause), is an important section in the United States Constitution located in Article I, Section 8 . This Clause is the source of implied powers, one example is Hamilton's longtime Federalist ally who stated that the Constitution does not give you literal permission to create a federal bank, but this clause gives you the implied power to do it.
The industrial revolution popularized competition and varieties of firms moved to create cheaper prices for consumers. Good were more available than ever and yes even women were able to get jobs during this time