Multiply by 3. 8 cups of water multiplied by 3 is 24 cups of water so you do the same to the flour to keep them balanced and ratioed. So 3 cups of flour times 3 is 9 cups of flour. 8:3 is the ratio.
since x is a variable that change usually describes the independent variable, and 25 is the sample that starts with, so 0.50 is the number that represent the decayed rates.