The opening of channels that let positive ions flow out of the cell (or negative ions flow in) can cause hyperpolarization. Examples: Opening of channels that let
+
K
+
K, start superscript, plus, end superscript out of the cell or
−
Cl
−
C, l, start superscript, minus, end superscript into the cell.
The opening of channels that let positive ions flow into the cell can cause depolarization. Example: Opening of channels that let
+
Na
+
N, a, start superscript, plus, end superscript into the cell.
The opening and closing of these channels may depend on the binding of signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters (ligand-gated ion channels), or on the voltage across the membrane (voltage-gated ion channels).
<span>A hygrometer is used to measure WATER VAPOR, and its measurements will differ between climate zones.
So the answer is </span><span>a. the percentage of water vapor, or humidity, that is in the local atmosphere </span>
these are carbohydrates , proteins , fats , vitamins , minerals, fibre and water. It is important that everyone consumes these seven nutrients on a daily basis to help them build their bodies and maintain their health .
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Mrk me brainilist
In mammals urine is expelled through the urethra which is part of the excretory system in unicellular organisms waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell