In China in the late 19th and early 20th century, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had special powers over large swaths of territory based on securing "nonalienation commitments" for their "spheres of interest;" only the United States was unable to participate due to the Spanish–American War.
Ans: During this period Europe changed in many ways. It became a period of intense creativity in literature, art, politics, science and architecture. The revival of interest in the classical age of Greeks and Romans. The humanists recovered and restored classical literature in the purest form.
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Today, a convict ancestor is a matter of pride, a connection to the rough and tumble of early Australia. But for past generations, including some convicts themselves, it was a shame that had to be hidden at all costs.
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