1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
Answer:
Freedom and equality.
Explanation:
The Congress during the 1990's enacted "The Civil Rights Act" on July 2, 1964 which prohibited private bisinesses unequal application of discrimination and racial segregation in employment, public services, and public accomodations, on the bases of physical and mental disabilities, which clashes between the freedom and equality of the citizens.
The Act further prohibits unequal application of Voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accomodations and also on bases of mental and physical disabilities.
This discriminatory act by private businesses construed upon the freedom and equality of the citizens to be given free and fair chances in business to gain employment, to benefit from public services, and public accommodations, and the Congress feels that its duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the law and protect their voting rights irrespective of any disabilities they might have.
Answer:
To exercise freedom of their Christian faith.
Explanation:
England was one of the major Europeans that seek to colonize the New World otherwise known as America. Others include Spain, France, and the Netherlands.
However, originally the purpose of each of the European settlers was different. England or English people on one hand was initially seeking "to exercise freedom of their Christian faith."
This led to two groups coming from England known as Puritans and Pilgrims that settle down in North America.
Answer: B is correct.
Explanation: Thomas Aquinus was a disciple of Albertus Magnus who was great thinker because he was able to think outside the box (he is usually associated with the introduction of Aristotelian medieval thinking in medieval, philosophically Platonic, thinking which dominated European theology and philosophy at that time). So Thomas is usually considered one of the most important representatives of Aristotelian philosophy (Aristotelian philosophy was interested in nature, in material world and experiment). Thomas was able to see that thinking of his time is two one-sided (Platonic).
