Cleopatra was a ruthless but cunning Egyptian Pharaoh who was part of the Ptolemy dynasty. Her family had ruled over Egypt for around five-hundred years. When she turned eighteen years of age Cleopatra's father died and she married her brother as the pair then ruled over Egypt together. However, since Cleopatra was much older, she was the <em>real</em> headmaster of things and her brother did not get to make any dire decisions. However, her brother eventually grew older and overthrew her as the ruler of Egypt. So he forced Cleopatra out of Egypt and into exile she went.
Thereafter Cleopatra gave herself to a man named Julius Caesar and he helped her to reclaim the throne. They killed Cleopatra's younger brother Ptolemy XIII by drowning him and completely decimated Ptolemy's army too. After Cleopatra took back the power, she and Julius Caesar fell in love and had a child. This child's name was Caesarion. Cleopatra then left Egypt for a vacation in Rome, wherein she stayed in one of Caesar's houses. The two had a fine romance for a bit, but then Julius Caesar, who was also Rome's military general, got murdered by rebellious men.
Marc Antony emerged as Rome's next great leader and subsequently Cleopatra forgot about Julius Caesar and fell in love with this man instead. They also shared a disliking for another one of Rome's leaders in Octavian and formed a military alliance against him, because he was the legal heir of Julius Caesar. But Cleopatra wanted her son, Caesarion, to be Caesar's heir and to someday become ruler of Rome. So Cleopatra and Antony engaged in warfare with Octavian but was defeated, and after this devastating defeat the pair retreated to Egypt. Marc Antony, however, wasn't going so quick to give up like his significant other. He returned to the battlefield in Rome and upon listening to false reports that Cleopatra was murdered, he killed himself. Then, for the same reason, Cleopatra killed herself. And so went the life of Cleopatra.
1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
The Nuremberg trial was conducted to bring to justice the Nazi war criminals that were indicted to be related to mass crimes like Holocaust. This includes the persecution of the prominent leaders and parties involved in the crimes. After a series of trials, the effect is D. t<span>hey divided Germany into eastern and western parts.</span>
Long explanation: Marshall's ruling established the precedent of judicial review by which the Supreme Court has the final say on whether a law is constitutional or unconstitutional.
Short and simple Explanation: John Marshall established judicial review through it. The judicial review that was created allows a better system of checks and balances for the other branches of government to ensure that all actions are constitutional.
