Answer:
1. Potassium
2. increasing towards zero
3. hyperpolarization
4. voltage-regulated Potassium
Explanation:
Membrane potential can be defined as the difference in electric charges inside and outside of a cell. The resting membrane potential (RMP) occurs when there is no net current across the membrane and therefore the cell is in a non-excited state. At the RMP, sodium ions (Na+) are more concentrated inside the extracellular fluid (ECF) than inside the intracellular fluid (ICF), while potassium ions (K+) are more concentrated inside the ICF. The diffusion of K+ outside the cell triggers its hyperpolarization, by becoming the membrane potential more negative compared to the resting potential. As the potential nears +35 mV, the voltage-regulated potassium channels are open, thereby K+ ions leave the cell down its concentration gradient, while voltage-gated Na+ channels become saturated and inactivate.
Answer:
Option-C
Explanation:
A pulse-chase experiment which is used to study the cellular process taking place in the cells. This uses the labelled molecule which is incorporated into the cellular pathway and then the unlabeled molecules are used over time to determine how much time is required by the unlabeled molecule to replace the labelled molecule.
In the given question, the pancreatic cell which secretes the digestive enzyme known as the acinar cell is labelled with the leucine and then used unlabeled leucine.
When observed after three hours, the black spots will appear on the exterior of the cell as the protein has been synthesised by the ER and now has been secreted from the cell.
Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.
Answer:
D) Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well adapted of two competing species.
Explanation:
The competitive exclusion describes relationship between two species that compete for the limiting sources, and cannot coexist. It is enough for one species to have slightly advantage to be dominant over the other. As a consequence, other species (the weaker one) will be extincted (shift to a different ecological niche).
The atmosphere transfers heat energy and moisture across the Earth. Incoming solar radiation (insolation) is redistributed from areas in which there is a surplus of heat (the equator) to areas where there is a heat deficit (the North and South Pole). This is achieved through a series of atmospheric cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell and the Polar cell (Figure 2). These operate in a similar way to, and indeed interact with, the ocean conveyor.
For example, as the oceans at low latitudes are heated, water evaporates and is transported poleward as water vapour. This warm air eventually cools and subsides. Changes in temperature and CO2 concentrations can lead to: changes in the size of atmospheric cells (in particular, the Hadley cell is susceptible to these alterations); warming in the troposphere; and disproportionately strong warming in Arctic regions. The strong interactions between ocean and atmospheric dynamics, and the significant feedback mechanisms between them, mean that climate researchers must consider these Earth components as interlinked systems. The necessity to assess ocean-atmospheric changes at the global scale has implications for the way in which research is conducted. It is only by integrating palaeo evidence of past changes, with present day monitoring, and projected models,
Answer:
Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
Fungi. Many skin diseases, such as ringworm and athlete's foot, are caused by fungi. Other types of fungi can infect your lungs or nervous system.
Parasites. Malaria is caused by a tiny parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted to humans from animal feces.
Explanation:
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