I think that it is A. Aztec, because I had to basically 'become' an Aztec for a school project, and they had me make a special knife used in human sacrifice. Plus, the Aztecs really liked war, so it would be like them to want to please a war god with humans.
In order to show they were chosen by God to return to his kingdom.
The process was cognitive dissonance
This is the process where people have inconsistent thoughts and behave weirdly in their decision making. In this case, they correlated the prevention of the destruction of earth with their prayer, even though it had nothing to do with it. This is opposite of their previous statement which said that the world would end on that date.
Citizens participated in the government of Athens by voting directly on issues that affected the state in the Assembly. This was a form of "direct democracy" as opposed to "representative democracy", which exists in the United States.
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