For American workers, the years 1894 through 1915 were a time of transition, discontent, and economic insecurity. After the Civil War, industrialism in the United States was expanding almost unfettered, leading to both new issues and jobs. Immigration was still occurring at an extraordinary rate, notably from southern and eastern Europe, permanently changing the composition of the labor force. Following two prior depressions in the previous 20 years, one had started in 1893, leading to the closure of some plants and the unemployment of many workers.
Labor and management disagreements were frequent. But many of the measures that are still in place today were born during these turbulent years, including the rise of women in the workforce, worker benefits, the prevalence of white-collar and retail employment, the requirement for appropriate work hours, vacations, and secure working conditions.
In industries, the working environment was frequently unpleasant. The days were lengthy, with ten to twelve hours on average. Oftentimes, dangerous working circumstances resulted in tragic accidents. For the sake of efficiency, tasks have a tendency to be separated, which results in repetitious and dull labor for employees.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States naval officer, historian, and one of the most influential American authors of the nineteenth century.
He argued that modern navies needed repair and coaling stations, which would not be dependable if controlled by other nations. This reasoning implied a justification for American acquisition of colonies to develop port facilities throughout the world.
