James Madison was a federalist because he helped hamilton write the federalist papers.
Many Americans were against getting involved in a War that was being fought in Europe though begrudgingly Americans became aware there was danger on the High Seas as Atlantic waters became host to submarines while warships dueled in the waters of the South Pacific and Atlantic.
Many Americans, particularly the Wobbles, the IWW International Workers of World (rightly) argued that the main reason for fighting would be to profit by various means profits that would mostly land in the pockets of International Bankers and Industrialist, the Halliburton of the times.
I believe the answer is going to be c
C is an example of an unconstitutional act. NO state can enter into a treaty with another country<span />